Title of talk: Autoimmune optic neuropathies: present and future perspectives

Talk abstract:
Autoimmune optic neuropathies (AONs) encompass a broad spectrum of immune-mediated disorders affecting the optic nerve, including those associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and MOG antibody–associated disease (MOGAD). The latest MS diagnostic criteria now recognize the optic nerve as a typical site of demyelination, emphasizing its central role in the neuroimmunological continuum of the central nervous system. Advances in serological biomarkers, optical coherence tomography, and MRI have revolutionized disease classification, monitoring, and prognostication. These insights have enabled tailored immunotherapies targeting B cells, complement, and specific pathogenic antibodies. Future perspectives involve precision immunology, neuroprotection, and remyelination strategies aimed at preserving visual function. Understanding autoimmune optic neuropathies as a dynamic interface between systemic and CNS immune responses opens new avenues for personalized, vision- preserving interventions.